What constitutes a virtual machine (VM)?

A virtual machine (VM) is indeed a software-based representation of a physical computer, capable of running its own operating system and applications. This abstraction allows multiple VMs to operate on a single physical server, utilizing its resources efficiently while maintaining isolation between each VM. Each VM mimics the workings of a physical machine, complete with its own virtual hardware components such as CPU, memory, hard drives, and network interfaces.

This architecture is foundational in virtualization technologies, enabling users to efficiently allocate and manage computing resources. By running on a hypervisor, which manages the physical hardware and provides the necessary resources to the VMs, the system can streamline operations, enhance flexibility, and reduce overhead costs related to hardware infrastructure. This is vital in modern data centers where resource optimization is key.

The other options do not accurately define a VM. A physical server running applications refers to traditional computing without the virtualization layer. A network configuration tool typically assists in managing network settings but does not encompass what a VM represents. Exploration software for virtual environments may help users interact with or navigate through virtual setups but does not define the VM itself. Thus, the distinction of a VM as a software-based representation of a physical machine is crucial to understanding how virtualization works and its benefits.